INTEGRATED FUNCTIONAL BRAIN MAPPING FOR EPILEPSY AND BRAIN TUMOR SURGERY
cortiQ 2.0 combines real-time high-gamma mapping, electrical cortical stimulation, ECoG and stereo-EEG recording, CCEP network mapping, SEP mapping, and impedance measurement to support functional brain mapping in epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
ONE PLATFORM. MULTIPLE WAYS TO MAP THE BRAIN.
cortiQ 2.0 integrates multiple functional brain-mapping technologies into one platform, supporting neurosurgeons during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery, particularly when resections are planned near eloquent brain regions responsible for movement, sensation, or language. By combining functional localization, electrical stimulation, and brain network mapping, cortiQ provides valuable information to help surgeons distinguish functionally relevant tissue from areas considered for resection, supporting the goal of preserving neurological function.
Real-time high-gamma mapping identifies task-related cortical activity across multiple ECoG or stereo-EEG recording sites, helping surgical teams locate functional regions efficiently. Electrical Cortical Stimulation (ECS) complements these findings by enabling targeted functional assessment, providing additional information when evaluating resection boundaries near critical brain areas.
Beyond individual cortical regions, CCEP mapping helps investigate connections between brain areas, while SEP mapping supports identification of the central sulcus and important sensorimotor landmarks. Integrated direct electrical stimulation, electrode impedance checks, customizable mapping paradigms, and mapping reports bring these capabilities into a coordinated workflow.
For neurosurgical teams, this means more comprehensive functional information, fewer separate mapping workflows, and better-informed decisions when balancing the extent of tumor or epileptogenic tissue resection against the preservation of essential brain functions.
| Integrated functional brain mapping combining high-gamma mapping and electrical cortical stimulation |
| Designed for epilepsy and brain tumor surgery involving resections near functionally relevant cortex |
| ECoG and stereo-EEG recording with cortical grids, strips, and depth electrodes |
| 64, 128, or 256 recording channels for different intracranial electrode configurations |
| Real-time high-gamma mapping of task-related cortical activity |
| Electrical Cortical Stimulation (ECS) with stimulation amplitudes from 0.2 to 15 mA |
| Direct Electrical Cortical Stimulation (DECS) with a hand-held stimulation probe |
| CCEP network mapping for investigating cortico-cortical functional connectivity |
| SEP mapping for identification of the central sulcus |
| Integrated impedance check for intracranial recording electrodes |
| 2D and 3D montage creation for electrode configuration and visualization |
| Customizable mapping paradigms for different functional tasks |
| Mapping and montage reports for documentation of mapping sessions |
| Support for cleared/certified cortical grid, strip, and depth electrodes |
| Integrated recording and stimulation workflow based on g.HIamp, g.Estim PRO, and the g.Estim PRO Switching Unit |
| Clinical application | Functional brain mapping for epilepsy and brain tumor surgery |
| Mapping technologies | High-Gamma (CQ), ECS, DECS, CCEP, SEP |
| Recording modalities | ECoG and stereo-EEG (sEEG) |
| Recording channels | 64, 128, or 256 |
| Sampling rate | 2,400 Hz per channel |
| Signal resolution | 24-bit ADC, one per channel |
| Supported electrodes | Compatible cortical grids, strips, depth electrodes, and hand-held stimulation probes |
| Electrical stimulation | 0.2–15 mA, adjustable in 10 µA increments |
| Stimulation pulse rate | 2–100 pulses/s |
| Stimulation phase duration | 0.1–1.0 ms |
| Maximum stimulation voltage | 80 V DC |
| Electrode switching | Integrated g.Estim PRO Switching Unit |
| Electrode impedance | Integrated impedance measurement |
| Electrode visualization | 2D and 3D Montage Creator |
| Functional task paradigms | Customizable motor, language, sensory, and other task-based paradigms |
| Mapping documentation | Integrated mapping and montage reports |
| System components | g.HIamp amplifier, g.Estim PRO stimulator, switching unit, and cortiQ software |
FROM BRAIN SIGNALS TO SURGICAL DECISIONS
cortiQ 2.0 brings intracranial recording, functional mapping, electrical stimulation, and mapping documentation into one coordinated workflow for epilepsy and brain tumor surgery. From electrode setup and signal verification to functional localization and stimulation-based assessment, neurosurgical teams can investigate eloquent cortical regions without switching between separate mapping platforms.
High-gamma mapping helps identify task-related activity, while electrical cortical stimulation provides complementary functional information when evaluating regions near a planned resection. Additional mapping methods support the investigation of cortical landmarks and functional connectivity, giving surgical teams a more comprehensive understanding of brain function.
By combining these capabilities, cortiQ supports informed decisions about resection boundaries and the preservation of essential neurological functions.
INTRAOPERATIVE BRAIN MAPPING
Real-Time Functional Mapping During Brain Tumor and Epilepsy Surgery
During awake craniotomy, cortiQ 2.0 enables functional brain mapping before tissue resection using intracranial electrodes placed on the cortical surface. Patients perform predefined motor or language tasks, such as moving their hands, feet, or lips, while cortiQ visualizes task-related high-gamma activity in real time.
Electrical cortical stimulation provides complementary functional assessment, helping neurosurgical teams identify eloquent cortical regions and evaluate their relationship to planned resection boundaries.
BEDSIDE BRAIN MAPPING
Functional Mapping Between Surgical Procedures
For patients undergoing staged epilepsy surgery with implanted intracranial electrodes, cortiQ 2.0 supports functional brain mapping at the bedside between surgical procedures.
Patients perform motor, language, or other functional tasks while cortiQ records and analyzes intracranial brain activity to identify functionally relevant regions. Mapping results can be reviewed alongside electrical stimulation findings to investigate patient-specific cortical organization and support planning for subsequent electrode removal and tissue resection.
CCEP BRAIN NETWORK MAPPING
Investigate functional connections between cortical regions using Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials (CCEP). By electrically stimulating selected intracranial electrodes and recording the resulting evoked responses at other locations, cortiQ supports the investigation of functional brain networks and communication between cortical regions.
CCEP mapping provides information beyond the localization of individual functional areas, helping researchers explore how distributed brain regions interact. This capability extends cortiQ from local cortical mapping toward network-level investigation of brain function.
REAL-TIME HIGH-GAMMA MAPPING
Identify task-related brain activity in real time using high-gamma mapping with electrocorticography (ECoG) or stereo-EEG (sEEG). cortiQ analyzes intracranial brain signals across multiple recording locations simultaneously to visualize functional activation associated with motor, sensory, language, and other tasks.
By comparing activity during task and baseline conditions, neurosurgical teams can identify functionally relevant cortical regions and obtain additional information for planning resections in patients with epilepsy or brain tumors. High-gamma mapping complements conventional electrical stimulation and supports efficient functional localization within the surgical workflow.
ELECTRICAL CORTICAL STIMULATION (ECS)
Confirm and evaluate functionally relevant brain areas using integrated Electrical Cortical Stimulation (ECS). cortiQ combines intracranial EEG recording with controlled electrical stimulation, allowing neurosurgical teams to investigate cortical function within the same platform.
The integrated g.Estim PRO delivers stimulation amplitudes from 0.2 to 15 mA with configurable stimulation parameters. ECS complements high-gamma mapping by providing an established method for functional assessment, particularly when identifying eloquent cortical regions near planned resections during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
DIRECT CORTICAL STIMULATION (DECS)
Perform targeted electrical cortical stimulation using a hand-held stimulation probe. The DECS functionality allows neurosurgeons to stimulate selected cortical locations directly during functional mapping procedures. This provides flexibility when investigating specific regions of interest and evaluating functional responses in relation to the planned surgical area.
Integrated into the cortiQ platform, DECS complements electrode-based stimulation and high-gamma mapping, giving neurosurgical teams an additional method for functional cortical assessment.
SEP CENTRAL SULCUS MAPPING
Identify the central sulcus using Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEP), an established neurophysiological technique for localizing the boundary between primary motor and somatosensory cortical regions. cortiQ supports the recording and analysis of evoked responses to assist with anatomical and functional orientation during cortical mapping.
SEP mapping complements high-gamma analysis and electrical cortical stimulation by providing an additional method for identifying important sensorimotor landmarks, particularly when operating near functionally relevant cortical regions.
ECoG & STEREO-EEG RECORDING
Record intracranial brain activity using cortical grids, strips, or depth electrodes with 64, 128, or 256 recording channels. Built around the g.HIamp biosignal amplifier, cortiQ provides 24-bit signal acquisition at 2,400 Hz per channel for detailed electrophysiological recordings. ECoG supports the investigation of cortical surface activity, while stereo-EEG enables recordings from implanted depth electrodes.
This flexibility allows neurosurgical teams to configure the system for different intracranial electrode arrangements and functional mapping requirements in epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE CHECK
Assess electrode impedance and recording conditions before beginning functional brain mapping. cortiQ includes an impedance-check workflow to help neurosurgical teams evaluate connected intracranial electrodes and identify potential recording problems.
Combined with raw-signal visualization and channel management, this supports the identification of poorly connected or noisy electrodes before high-gamma mapping and other electrophysiological procedures. Checking electrode connections and signal quality helps establish reliable recording conditions and reduces the likelihood that technical problems interfere with the interpretation of functional mapping results.
2D & 3D ELECTRODE MONTAGE
Configure intracranial electrode arrangements and visualize functional mapping results using cortiQ’s integrated Montage Creator. Define electrode positions, channel assignments, and grid or strip configurations to establish a clear relationship between recorded brain signals and their corresponding electrode locations. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional montage visualizations support the interpretation of mapping results, while patient-specific brain images can be used as visualization backgrounds.
Accurate anatomical localization of electrode positions requires additional imaging information, such as co-registered MRI or CT, rather than relying on schematic brain representations alone.
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS & CLINICAL EVIDENCE
REAL-TIME FUNCTIONAL MAPPING FOR EPILEPSY SURGERY
This clinical study evaluated cortiQ-based real-time high-gamma mapping in three patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, comparing functional localization with electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional MRI (fMRI). The findings support high-gamma mapping as a complementary approach for identifying eloquent cortex.
- Real-time functional localization
- Comparison with established methods
- Additional language information
PASSIVE LANGUAGE MAPPING DURING AWAKE CRANIOTOMY
This study investigated a combined approach using high-gamma activity and cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) in five patients undergoing awake brain tumor surgery. It demonstrated how receptive language areas and connected frontal regions could be investigated without requiring active language-task performance.
- Network-level assessment
- Quantified mapping performance
- Reduced patient cooperation
CLINICAL VALIDATION OF REAL-TIME LANGUAGE MAPPING
Researchers evaluated real-time high-gamma mapping during awake craniotomy and compared functional localization with electrical cortical stimulation. The study provides quantitative evidence supporting the feasibility of high-gamma analysis as a complementary method for language mapping.
- Intraoperative evaluation
- Comparison with ECS
- Mapping accuracy
FUNCTIONAL NETWORK MAPPING IN DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY
This study investigated high-gamma activity, CCEP recordings, and tractography in 14 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Rather than focusing exclusively on individual seizure foci, the researchers examined pathological connections and their potential role in patient-specific epilepsy surgery.
- Network-based assessment
- Complex epilepsy cases
- Connectivity-guided investigation
MULTIMODAL MAPPING OF FACE RECOGNITION
This study compared ECoG, electrical cortical stimulation, and fMRI for identifying face-selective regions in five patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. It highlights the value of combining mapping modalities when evaluating higher cognitive functions near planned resections.
- Higher cognitive function
- ECoG, ECS, and fMRI comparison
- Clinical implications
PASSIVE LANGUAGE MAPPING DURING GLIOMA SURGERY
This case report describes the use of cortiQ-based real-time high-gamma mapping during surgery for a left temporal glioma. Passive listening tasks helped identify receptive language-related cortical activity without requiring active speech production.
- Brain tumor application
- Passive task paradigm
- Functional localization
PEDIATRIC FUNCTIONAL MAPPING FOR EPILEPSY SURGERY
This review examines ECoG-based real-time functional mapping for identifying motor, somatosensory, and language regions in children undergoing epilepsy surgery. It discusses how task-related high-gamma activity can complement established presurgical mapping techniques when eloquent cortex is close to epileptogenic tissue.
- Pediatric surgical planning
- Real-time visualization
- Complementary assessment
LANGUAGE MAPPING UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
This study investigated whether receptive language regions could be identified using ECoG broadband-gamma responses during general anesthesia. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of passive language mapping without awake patient cooperation, while highlighting the influence of anesthesia depth on mapping sensitivity.
- Mapping under anesthesia
- Passive speech stimulation
HIGH-GAMMA MAPPING IN GLIOMA RESECTION
This retrospective study compared 75 patients undergoing awake glioma resection before and after the introduction of passive high-gamma mapping alongside conventional electrical stimulation. It provides clinically relevant evidence on surgical outcomes and the potential role of high-gamma mapping as an adjunct to established intraoperative techniques.
- 75-patient cohort
- Surgical performance
- Functional and survival outcomes
MOVEMENT & SPEECH MAPPING WITH STEREO-EEG
This study investigated task-based functional mapping using implanted stereo-EEG electrodes in 20 patients with epilepsy. By analyzing electrophysiological changes during movement and speech tasks, the researchers demonstrated functional localization across cortical and deeper recording locations, including regions affected by structural abnormalities.
- 20 epilepsy patients
- Motor and speech assessment
- Cortical and deep recordings
HIGH-GAMMA LANGUAGE MAPPING WITH PEDIATRIC STEREO-EEG
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School investigated real-time high-gamma functional mapping during stereo-EEG monitoring in children and adolescents with medically intractable epilepsy. The poster describes how cortiQ-based mapping helped identify language, facial recognition, and visual functions, including activity in atypical cortical regions.
- Pediatric clinical setting
- Beyond motor mapping
- Complementary validation
I use ECoG electrodes for real-time brain mappings to find and interpret functional activity in the brain at the bed-side, and during awake craniotomy for brain surgery. I can reduce electrical cortical stimulations (ECS) to minimize related seizures and shorten clinical examinations. Otherwise, I would miss an opportunity to improve existing brain mapping procedures and learn the bigger picture.
Kyousuke Kamada, PhD, MD - Hokashin Group Megumin Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
Passive high-gamma mapping represents a physiologically elegant and clinically relevant paradigm shift for identifying essential cortical functions.
Anthony Ritaccio, PhD, MD - Mayo Clinic, Florida, USAREAL-TIME BRAIN ACTIVITY IN ACTION
See how cortiQ visualizes the temporal dynamics of brain activity using real-time high-gamma mapping. This video demonstrates how different functional regions become active in response to a task, revealing a sequence of activation across the temporal region, motor cortex, auditory cortex, and Wernicke’s area.
By visualizing task-related cortical activity as it unfolds, cortiQ helps neurosurgical teams investigate the functional organization of the brain. This information complements electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) and supports functional mapping during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery, particularly when evaluating eloquent cortex near planned resections.
HIGH-GAMMA MAPPING IN ACTION
Watch cortiQ 2.0 identify and visualize task-related cortical activity in real time using high-gamma electrocorticography (ECoG). In this demonstration, patients perform predefined motor and language tasks, including solving a Rubik’s Cube, while cortiQ analyzes neural activity and displays functional activation on a color-coded electrode montage.
The video illustrates how structured task paradigms can help neurosurgical teams distinguish functional regions associated with finger, facial, and tongue movements, as well as language processing. By providing immediate visual feedback on cortical activation, cortiQ supports functional localization and complements electrical cortical stimulation when evaluating eloquent brain regions during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
HIGH-GAMMA MAPPING MEETS ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
See how cortiQ 2.0 combines real-time high-gamma mapping with electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) to support functional localization during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
In this demonstration, a picture-naming task reveals cortical activity associated with visual processing and expressive language. The neurosurgeon then selects electrode pairs for targeted electrical stimulation, testing whether stimulation disrupts the patient’s ability to name objects. Both high-gamma activation and ECS findings are visualized and documented within the same mapping interface.
By combining activity-based mapping with stimulation-based functional testing, cortiQ helps neurosurgical teams evaluate eloquent cortical regions and supports targeted mapping near planned resections.
CUSTOMIZE YOUR BRAIN MAPPING TASKS
See how the cortiQ 2.0 Paradigm Editor enables neurosurgical teams to create customized experimental tasks for real-time functional brain mapping.
This video demonstrates the configuration of an expressive language mapping paradigm that alternates between scrambled images for baseline measurements and real images requiring object naming. Both image sets are matched for color intensity, helping control visual stimulus differences and distinguish language-related high-gamma activity from baseline cortical responses.
By allowing users to configure task-specific mapping paradigms, cortiQ 2.0 supports flexible functional localization workflows tailored to different mapping objectives during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery.
AUTOMATED STEREO-EEG ELECTRODE PLACEMENT
See how cortiQ 2.0 simplifies stereo-EEG electrode montage creation using patient CT images and its Auto-Snap functionality.
This demonstration shows how users can load a CT image, automatically position depth electrode markers, and refine their locations using the integrated iEEG Montage Creator. Once the montage is configured, cortiQ enables real-time high-gamma mapping to visualize task-related brain activity at the corresponding electrode contacts.
By combining CT-based electrode visualization with functional mapping, cortiQ 2.0 supports a more streamlined workflow for investigating cortical and deeper brain regions during epilepsy surgery.
ECoG GRID PLACEMENT & 3D CORTICAL MAPPING
See how cortiQ 2.0 simplifies intraoperative ECoG electrode grid placement and functional brain mapping during brain tumor surgery.
This demonstration shows how neurosurgical teams can select electrode grids from an integrated library, position them using drag-and-drop on a cortical image, and visualize the resulting montage on a 3D cortical mesh. Once the electrodes are configured, cortiQ analyzes high-gamma activity during patient tasks to identify functional regions associated with movement, sensation, or language.
By combining intuitive electrode placement, 3D visualization, and real-time high-gamma analysis, cortiQ supports efficient intraoperative mapping of eloquent cortex without requiring electrical stimulation during the high-gamma mapping phase.
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE MAPPING IN REAL TIME
Watch cortiQ 2.0 visualize the temporal dynamics of language-related cortical activity using real-time high-gamma ECoG analysis.
In this demonstration, a patient names pictures while intracranial EEG signals are recorded from four cortical electrode grids. cortiQ identifies task-related activation in basal temporal regions involved in visual object processing, followed by activity in frontal language-related areas associated with speech production, including Broca’s region. The evolving activation is displayed directly on the cortical montage.
By revealing where and when language-related activity occurs, cortiQ supports functional localization of eloquent cortex during epilepsy and brain tumor surgery, complementing electrical cortical stimulation when evaluating regions near planned resections.
ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE CHECK FOR RELIABLE BRAIN MAPPING
See how cortiQ 2.0 assesses intracranial electrode contact quality through integrated impedance measurements for ECoG grids, strips, and stereo-EEG depth electrodes.
This demonstration shows how neurosurgical teams can measure multiple electrode contacts, review impedance results, and identify potentially problematic channels before functional mapping. During intraoperative procedures, these measurements can help guide electrode grid positioning, while noisy or poorly performing channels can be evaluated for exclusion from subsequent analysis.
By integrating impedance checks into the functional mapping workflow, cortiQ 2.0 supports reliable intracranial EEG acquisition and helps reduce the influence of problematic channels on high-gamma activation maps.
EXPLORE FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS WITH CCEP
Go beyond mapping individual cortical regions and investigate how different areas of the brain are functionally connected using cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs).
This video demonstrates automated electrical stimulation across implanted ECoG grids, with cortiQ visualizing evoked responses and statistically significant N1 activity across the cortex. In this example, a whole-cortex CCEP mapping sequence is completed in approximately 60 minutes, revealing responses at both nearby and distant recording sites.
By combining intracranial EEG recording, automated stimulation, and network visualization, cortiQ supports the investigation of language-related connections and potentially abnormal cortical networks relevant to epilepsy surgery.
BUILDING BCIs WITH ECoG & STEREO-EEG
In this Spring School 2024 lecture, g.tec explores the hardware and software requirements for ECoG- and stereo-EEG-based BCI systems. The presentation introduces key technical considerations for researchers developing applications based on intracranial brain signals, from recording technology to software infrastructure.
Watch the lecture to gain insights into the technologies and system requirements behind intracranial BCI research and functional brain mapping.
OPEN-LOOP & CLOSED-LOOP NEUROMODULATION
Explore the technologies behind open-loop and closed-loop brain stimulation and discover how neural recording, electrical stimulation, and software control work together in neuromodulation systems.
In this Spring School 2024 lecture, g.tec introduces hardware and software architecture for brain stimulation and discusses the principles, technical considerations, and clinical and research applications of both stimulation approaches.
Learn how integrating neural signals with stimulation technology supports the development and investigation of feedback-driven neuromodulation procedures.
COMBINING MEG, EEG & ECoG IN EPILEPSY RESEARCH
Explore how non-invasive and invasive electrophysiological techniques complement each other in the investigation of epilepsy and functional brain networks.
In this Spring School 2024 lecture, Milena Korostenskaja discusses the integration of magnetoencephalography (MEG), scalp EEG, and electrocorticography (ECoG), highlighting how these recording modalities provide complementary information about neural activity.
Discover the role of multimodal electrophysiology in epilepsy research, presurgical evaluation, and the investigation of cortical function.
HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS & 3D EPILEPSY MAPPING
Explore how high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and three-dimensional visualization of ECoG and stereo-EEG recordings can contribute to the investigation of epileptic brain activity.
This Spring School 2024 lecture examines HFOs as potential biomarkers of epileptogenic tissue and demonstrates the value of mapping intracranial electrophysiological activity onto 3D brain representations. By connecting recorded activity with anatomical electrode locations, researchers can investigate the spatial distribution of potential epilepsy-related signals.
Discover how combining intracranial EEG analysis with 3D mapping supports research into seizure localization, epileptic networks, and presurgical epilepsy evaluation.
REAL-TIME HIGH-GAMMA MAPPING & FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS
Explore how cortiQ 2.0 uses real-time high-gamma and ultra-high-gamma ECoG analysis to investigate cortical function during brain tumor and epilepsy surgery.
This Spring School 2024 lecture demonstrates how intracranial EEG can reveal task-related activation in motor, sensory, and language-associated cortical regions. Discover practical examples of expressive and receptive language mapping, individual finger representations, electrical cortical stimulation, cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs).
From identifying eloquent cortex to investigating functional connectivity and developing ECoG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces, the presentation highlights the research applications of real-time intracranial brain mapping.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Yes. cortiQ 2.0 can stimulate the brain if necessary, providing a complete mapping solution.
- Wernicke’s area (Receptive language)
- Broca’s area (Expressive language)
- Auditory cortex
- Visual cortex
- Somatosensory system
- Motor cortex
- Face recognition
- Color system
- Memory function
Yes. Here is a list of all import publications:
Kanaya, K., Mitsuhashi, T., Kiuchi, T. and Kobayashi, S., 2021. The Efficacy of Intraoperative Passive Language Mapping for Glioma Surgery: A Case Report. Frontiers in neurology, p.1339.
Sanada, T., Kapeller, C., Jordan, M., Grünwald, J., Mitsuhashi, T., Ogawa, H., Anei, R. and Guger, C., 2021. Multi-modal mapping of the face selective ventral temporal cortex–a group study with clinical implications for ECS, ECoG, and fMRI. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15.
Jiang, T., Pellizzer, G., Asman, P., Bastos, D., Bhavsar, S., Tummala, S., … & Ince, N. F. (2020). Power Modulations of ECoG Alpha/Beta and Gamma Bands Correlate With Time-Derivative of Force During Hand Grasp. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14.
Crowther, L. J., Brunner, P., Kapeller, C., Guger, C., Kamada, K., Bunch, M. E., … & Schalk, G. (2019). A quantitative method for evaluating cortical responses to electrical stimulation. Journal of neuroscience methods311, 67-75.
Ritaccio AL, Brunner P, Schalk G. Electrical Stimulation Mapping of the Brain: Basic Principles and Emerging Alternatives. Journal of clinical neurophysiology: official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society. 2018 Mar;35(2):86-97.
Swift, J.R., Coon, W.G., Guger, C., Brunner, P., Bunch, M., Lynch, T., Frawley, B., Ritaccio, A.L. and Schalk, G., 2018. Passive Functional Mapping of Receptive Language Areas Using Electrocorticographic Signals. Clinical Neurophysiology.
Kapeller, C., Ogawa, H., Schalk, G., Kunii, N., Coon, W.G., Scharinger, J., Guger, C. and Kamada, K., 2018. Real-Time Detection and Discrimination of Visual Perception Using Electrocorticographic Signals. Journal of Neural Engineering, 15(3), 036001.
Schalk, G., Kapeller, C., Guger, C., Ogawa, H., Hiroshima, S., Lafer-Sousa, R., Saygin, Z.M., Kamada, K. and Kanwisher, N., 2017. Facephenes and rainbows: Causal evidence for functional and anatomical specificity of face and color processing in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, p.201713447.
Ogawa H, Kamada K, Kapeller C, Prueckl R, Takeuchi F, Hiroshima S, Anei R, Guger G, Clinical Impact and Implication of Real-Time Oscillation Analysis for Language Mapping, World Neurosurgery, Available online 28 September 2016, ISSN 1878-8750
Tamura Y, Ogawa H, Kapeller C, Prueckl R, Takeuchi F, Anei R, Ritaccio A, Guger C, Kamada K, Passive language mapping combining real-time oscillation analysis with cortico-cortical evoked potentials for awake craniotomy. 2016, Journal of Neurosurgery, 1.
Ritaccio, A., Matsumoto, R., Morrell, M., Kamada, K., Koubeissi, M., Poeppel, D., … & Schalk, G. (2015). Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography. Epilepsy & Behavior, 51, 312-320.
Christoph Kapeller (2015): Online Control of a Humanoid Robot through Hand Movement Imagination using CSP and ECoG based Features. Presentation.
Kapeller C, Korostenskaja M, Prueckl R, Chen PC, Lee KH, Westerveld M, Salinas CM, Cook JC, Baumgartner JE, Guger C., CortiQ-based Real-Time Functional Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jun;32(3):e12-22. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000131
Kapeller C, Kamada K, Ogawa H, Prückl R, Kunii N, Schnürer A, Guger C. P87. Expressive and receptive language mapping using ECoG and ECS. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2015 Aug 31;126(8):e146.
Kapeller C, Schneider C, Kamada K, Ogawa H, Kunii N, Ortner R, Prückl R, Guger C. Single trial detection of hand poses in human ECoG using CSP based feature extraction. In2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2014 Aug 26 (pp. 4599-4602). IEEE.
Kapeller, C., Kamada, K., Ogawa, H., Prueckl, R., Scharinger, J., & Guger, C. (2014). An electrocorticographic BCI using code-based VEP for control in video applications: a single-subject study. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 8.
Prueckl, R., et al. “Real-Time Software for Functional Mapping of Eloquent Cortex Using Electrocorticography.” Biomedical Engineering/Biomedizinische Technik (2013).
Roland, Jarod, et al. “Passive real-time identification of speech and motor cortex during an awake craniotomy.” Epilepsy & Behavior 18.1 (2010): 123-128.
Kapeller, Christoph; Kamada, Kyousuke; Ogawa, Hiroshi; Kunii, Naoto; Prueckl, Robert; Kawai, Kensuke; Schalk, Gerwin; Guger, Christoph. Comparison of ECoG and ECS Language Mapping with High-Density Electrodes. 2013 IEEE Neural Engineering Short Papers No. 0521.
Prueckl R, Kapeller C, Potes C, Korostenskaja M, Schalk G, Lee KH, Guger C., CortiQ – clinical software for electrocorticographic real-time functional mapping of the eloquent cortex. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2013;2013:6365-8. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6611010.
Korostenskaja, Milena, et al. “Real-Time Functional Mapping With Electrocorticography in Pediatric Epilepsy Comparison With fMRI and ESM Findings.” Clinical EEG and neuroscience 45.3 (2014): 205-211.
Kamada K, Ogawa H, Kapeller C, Prueckl R, Guger C., Rapid and low-invasive functional brain mapping by realtime visualization of high gamma activity for awake craniotomy. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:6802-5. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945190.
Ogawa H, Kamada K, Kapeller C, Hiroshima S, Prueckl R, Guger C., Rapid and minimum invasive functional brain mapping by real-time visualization of high gamma activity during awake craniotomy. World Neurosurg. 2014 Nov;82(5):912.e1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Aug 7. PMID: 25108295.
Brunner, Peter, et al. “A practical procedure for real-time functional mapping of eloquent cortex using electrocorticographic signals in humans.” Epilepsy & Behavior 15.3 (2009): 278-286.
G. Schalk, E. C. Leuthardt, P. Brunner, J. G. Ojemann, L. A. Gerhardt, J. R. Wolpaw, Real-time detection of event-related brain activity, Neuroimage 43 (2) (2008) 245–249.
Yes, absolutely. In the first surgery, ECoG electrodes will be implanted, but the functional real-time mappings are performed in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. This allows neurosurgeons to modify test paradigms based on individual surgical needs. These tests can be performed repeatedly over a longer period of time. This gives the neurosurgeon more time to plan and optimize the surgical resection better with more detailed information and less preparatory work. cortiQ can greatly reduce the risk of artificial seizures during surgery and cannot produce pain for the patient. It’s less consuming and the risk of damage during surgery can be avoided.
Yes, cortiQ can be used for intraoperative monitoring of the brain. It allows real-time brain mappings in the operating room to identify functional brain regions with high-gamma activity before surgical resection. For example, if pathological tissue is close to the motor area, cortiQ will ask the patient to move arms, feet or even lips. The brain activity patterns produced during these movements will be transmitted in real-time to cortiQ, notifying the neurosurgeon what parts are important for a certain movement and therefore should remain untouched.
A mapping that highlights four activation maps usually lasts about 6 min.
Yes, cortiQ comes with a passive listening paradigm that maps the auditory cortex, including the receptive language area, and it can play back language related paradigms like picture naming tasks and map expressive language related cortical regions.
Support surgeons’ planning for brain surgeries by providing additional information about functional brain regions.
The activated neural network is highlighted based on natural behaviors, such as speech or movement. The ECS can only investigate symptoms caused by local dysfunction due to electrical stimulation.
The mapping procedure works with electrode grids and stereo-EEG recordings with depth electrodes.
cortiQ stores the recorded EEG synchronized with the mapping paradigm and provides an importer for MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., USA). cortiQ mapping results are stored in CSV format for further comparison.
The supervisor can immediately check the quality of the mapping session and stop/change the paradigm at any time. No further offline processing is necessary.
The power of the high-gamma frequency band (60-170Hz) derived from electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals.
The system compares high-gamma activity in the ECoG during resting and active conditions. Changes in the power of the high-gamma band indicate activated neurons with respect to the electrode position. A group of highlighted electrode groups shows an activated neural network. The system updates the activation map in real-time.
This allows the user to interpret the activation during the experiment and to stop the paradigm anytime. The longer the paradigm lasts, the more noise is eliminated, and hence only task-related electrodes are highlighted. A recommended setup contains around 45s active and 45s resting state per task.
Neurosurgeons who want to get additional information about the eloquent cortex and other specific regions, and research groups who want to investigate functional regions of the cortex. Neurosurgeons also benefit from cortiQ’s ability to provide maps in real-time instead of hours or days. Patients benefit from reductions in the time needed for mapping, need for additional mapping procedures, chance of accidental seizures resulting from ECS, and the risk of accidental removal of too little or too much brain tissue.
Unlike ECS, cortiQ does not produce artificial seizures. CortiQ cannot produce dural pain caused by bad electrode contacts. CortiQ shows the neural areas involved in a given task and allows very fast pre-screening that may be used for planning ECS mapping and surgical removal of affected tissue.
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